A Ubiquity symposium is an organized debate around a proposition or point of view. It is a means to explore a complex issue from multiple perspectives. An early example of a symposium on teaching computer science appeared in Communications of the ACM (December 1989).
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Ubiquity Symposium: What is Computation
Table of Contents
1. What is Computation, Editor's Introduction, by Peter J. Denning
2. What is Computation, Opening Statement, by Peter J. Denning
3. The Evolution of Computation, by Peter Wegner
4. Computation is Symbol Manipulation, by John S. Conery
5. Computation is Process, by Dennis J. Frailey
6. Computing and Computation, by Paul S. Rosenbloom
7. Computation and Information, by Ruzena Bajcsy
8. Computation and Fundamental Physics, by Dave Bacon
9. The Enduring Legacy of the Turing Machine, by Lance Fortnow
10. Computation and Computational Thinking, by Alfred V. Aho
11. What is the Right Computational Model for Continuous Scientific Problems?, by Joseph Traub
12. Computation, Uncertainty and Risk, by Jeffrey P. Buzen
13. Natural Computation, by Erol Gelenbe
14. Biological Computation, by Melanie Mitchell
15. What is Information?: Beyond the jungle of information theories, by Paolo Rocchi
16. What Have We Said About Computation?: Closing statement, by Peter J. Denning
Symposia
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Developing an Open Source 'Big Data' Cognitive Computing Platform: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Michael Kowolenko, Mladen A. Vouk
March 2018The ability to leverage diverse data types requires a robust and dynamic approach to systems design. The needs of a data scientist are as varied as the questions being explored. Compute systems have focused on the management and analysis of structured data as the driving force of analytics in business. As open source platforms have evolved, the ability to apply compute to unstructured information has exposed an array of platforms and tools available to the business and technical community. We have developed a platform that meets the needs of the analytics user requirements of both structured and unstructured data. This analytics workbench is based on acquisition, transformation, and analysis using open source tools such as Nutch, Tika, Elastic, Python, PostgreSQL, and Django to implement a cognitive compute environment that can handle widely diverse data, and can leverage the ever-expanding capabilities of infrastructure in order to provide intelligence augmentation.
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High Performance Synthetic Information Environments
An integrating architecture in the age of pervasive data and computing: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Christopher L. Barrett, Jeffrey Johnson, Madhav Marathe
March 2018The complexities of social and technological policy domains, such as the economy, the environment, and public health, present challenges that require a new approach to modeling and decision-making. ...
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Technology and Business Challenges of Big Data in the Digital Economy: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Dave Penkler
January 2018The early digital economy during the dot-com days of internet commerce successfully faced its first big data challenges of click-stream analysis with map-reduce technology. Since then the digital economy has ...
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Big Data for Social Science Research: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Mark Birkin
January 2018Academic studies exploiting novel data sources are scarce. Typically, data is generated by commercial businesses or government organizations with no mandate and little motivation to share their assets with academic ...
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Big Data and the Attention Economy: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Bernardo A. Huberman
December 2017While attention has always been prized above money, few people have had the means to attract it to themselves. But the new digital economy has provided everyone with a loudspeaker; thus efforts at getting noticed have rapidly escalated in global society. The attention economy focuses on the mechanisms that mediate the allocation of this scarce entity. Social networks and big data play a role in determining what is noticed and acted upon.
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Big Data, Digitization, and Social Change: Big Data (Ubiquity symposium)
by Jeffrey Johnson, Peter Denning, David Sousa-Rodrigues, Kemal A. Delic
December 2017We use the term "big data" with the understanding that the real game changer is the connection and digitization of everything. Every portfolio is affected: finance, transport, housing, food, environment, ...
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IoT promises, perils and perspectives: Closing statement: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kemal A. Delic
February 2016By many indications, signs, and signals there is writing on the wall: the Internet of Things (IoT) is coming! In this closing statement, Kemal Delic briefly reflects on two possible developments for the IoT and concludes with a third, and more likely, scenario.
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Internet of Things in Energy Efficiency: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Francois Jammes
February 2016This paper aims to provide the view of what means IoT (Internet of Things) in energy efficiency applications, of its technical and business impacts, of its opportunities and risks for ...
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On Resilience of IoT Systems: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kemal A. Delic
February 2016At the very high level of abstraction, the Internet of Things (IoT) can be modeled as the hyper-scale, hyper-complex cyber-physical system. Study of resilience of IoT systems is the first ...
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Ensuring Trust and Security in the Industrial IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Bernardo A. Huberman
January 2016Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a distributed network of smart sensors that enables precise control and monitoring of complex processes over arbitrary distances. The great advantage of the industrial ...
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Using Redundancy to Detect Security Anomalies: Towards IoT security attack detectors: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Roopak Venkatakrishnan, Mladen A. Vouk
January 2016Cyber-attacks and breaches are often detected too late to avoid damage. While "classical" reactive cyber defenses usually work only if we have some prior knowledge about the attack methods and ...
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The Importance of Cross-layer Considerations in a Standardized WSN Protocol Stack Aiming for IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Bogdan Pavkovic, Marko Batic, Nikola Tomasevic
December 2015The Internet of Things (IoT) envisages expanding the current Internet with a huge number of intelligent communicating devices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) integrating IoT will rely on a set of the open standards striving to offer scalability and reliability in a variety of operating scenarios and conditions. Standardized protocols will tackle some of the major WSN challenges like energy efficiency, intrinsic impairments of low-power wireless medium, and self-organization. After more then a decade of tremendous standardization efforts, we can finally witness an integral IP-based WSN standardized protocol stack for IoT. Nevertheless, the current state of standards has redundancy issues and can benefit from further improvements. We would like to highlight some of the cross-layer aspects that need to be considered to bring further improvements to the standardized WSN protocol stack for the IoT.
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Evolution and Disruption in Network Processing for the Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Lorenzo Di Gregorio
December 2015Between prophecies of revolutions and inertiae of legacies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has already become the brand under which light processing units communicate over complex networks. ...
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Fog Computing Distributing Data and Intelligence for Resiliency and Scale Necessary for IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Charles C. Byers, Patrick Wetterwald
November 2015The Internet of Everything (IoE) is more than a $19 trillion opportunity over 10 years. Fifty billions of devices will be connected to various networks in 2020. ...
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Internet Programmable IoT: On the role of APIs in IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Maja Vukovic
November 2015With everything and everyone accessible as a virtual resource on the web, novel applications that are created out of existing capabilities will continue to emerge. ...
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A Case for Interoperable IoT Sensor Data and Meta-data Formats: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Milan Milenkovic
November 2015While much attention has been focused on building sensing systems and backing cloud infrastructure in the Internet of things/Web of things (IoT/WoT) community, enabling third-party applications and services that can ...
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Standards for Tomorrow: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Dejan Milojicic, Paul Nikolich, Barry Leiba
November 2015Over the decades, standards have been critical for defining how to interconnect computer and networking devices across different vendors so they can seamlessly work together. Standards have been critical, not ...
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W3C Plans for Developing Standards for Open Markets of Services for the IoT: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Dave Raggett
October 2015The Internet of Things (IoT) is being held back by divergent approaches that result in data silos, high costs, investment risks and reduced market opportunities. To realize the potential and ...
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Discovery in the Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Arkady Zaslavsky, Prem Prakash Jayaraman
October 2015How to find a "thing" in the Internet of Things (IoT) haystack? The answer to this question will be the key challenge that IoT users and developers are facing now ...
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The Third Wave: The internet of things: The Internet of Things (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kemal A. Delic
October 2015We are witnessing these days the rise of always-on, connected devices, systems and environments. This might well represent the basis for the emerging digital economy. ...
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Closing Statement: Reflections on a singularity symposium: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Espen Andersen
December 2014The debate about computers and intelligence must go on - we have more to learn, and more people need to convert their strong opinions to measured arguments. There is no reason to panic, however.
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What About an Unintelligent Singularity?: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Peter J. Denning
December 2014For years we humans have worried about plagues, asteroids, earthquakes, eruptions, fires, floods, famines, wars, genocides, and other uncontrollable events that could wipe away our civilization. ...
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Computers versus Humanity: Do we compete?: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Liah Greenfeld, Mark Simes
November 2014Liah Greenfeld and Mark Simes have long worked together, integrating the perspectives of two very different disciplinary traditions: cultural history/historical sociology and human neuroscience. ...
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Exponential Technology and The Singularity: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Peter Cochrane
November 2014The Priesthood of the Singularity posits a fast approaching prospect of machines overtaking human abilities (Ray Kurzweil's The Singularity is Near, Viking Press, 2006) on the basis of the exponential ...
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Human Enhancement--The way ahead: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kevin Warwick
October 2014In this paper a look is taken at artificial intelligence and the ways it can be brought about, either by means of a computer or through biological growth. ...
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The Singularity and the State of the Art in Artificial Intelligence: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Ernest Davis
October 2014The state of the art in automating basic cognitive tasks, including vision and natural language understanding, is far below human abilities. Real-world reasoning, which is an unavoidable part of many ...
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Opening Statement: Will computers out-compete us all?: The technological singularity (Ubiquity symposium)
by Espen Andersen
October 2014To jumpstart this symposium, Espen Andersen describes the debate surrounding "technological singularity" and questions whether this is something that will happen---and if so, what the consequences might be. ...
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The MOOC and the Genre Moment: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Michael Feldstein
September 2014In order to determine (and shape) the long-term impact of MOOCs, we must consider not only cognitive and technological factors but also cultural ones, such as the goals of education ...
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The Future of Synchronization on Multicores: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Maurice Herlihy
September 2014Synchronization bugs such as data races and deadlocks make every programmer cringetraditional locks only provide a partial solution, while high-contention locks can easily degrade performance. Maurice Herlihy proposes replacing locks ...
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The Multicore Transformation Closing Statement: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Walter Tichy
September 2014Multicore CPUs and GPUs have brought parallel computation within reach of any programmer. How can we put the performance potential of these machines to good use? ...
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Making Effective Use of Multicore Systems A software perspective: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Keith D. Cooper
September 2014Multicore processors dominate the commercial marketplace, with the consequence that almost all computers are now parallel computers. To take maximum advantage of multicore chips, applications and systems should take advantage ...
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MOOCs: Symptom, Not Cause of Disruption: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Lewis J. Perelman
August 2014Is the MOOCs phenomenon a disruptive innovation or a transient bubble? It may be partly both. Broadcasting lectures and opening up courses via MOOCs by itself poses little change of ...
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Multicore Processors and Database Systems: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kenneth A. Ross
August 2014Database management systems are necessary for transaction processing and query processing. Today, parallel database systems can be run on multicore platforms. ...
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The MOOC Spring: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Fred Siff
August 2014Fred Siff warns us that online learning, and in particular MOOCs, are threatening to overrun not just old models of instruction but the very nature of higher education institutions themselves. ...
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GPUs: High-performance Accelerators for Parallel Applications: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Mark Silberstein
August 2014Early graphical processing units (GPUs) were designed as high compute density, fixed-function processors ideally crafted to the needs of computer graphics workloads. Today, GPUs are becoming truly first-class computing elements ...
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Limitations of MOOCs for Computing Education- Addressing our needs: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Mark Guzdial
July 2014Computing education has some significant education challenges today. We aren't diverse enough, and we need to be able to develop more teachers. ...
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Can MOOCs Help Reduce College Tuition?: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Stephen Ruth
July 2014This article will briefly describe some of the cost issues associated with MOOCs and suggest a perspective through which drastic tuition savings might someday be achieved, possibly through the assistance ...
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Engineering Parallel Algorithms: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Peter Sanders
July 2014In the past, parallel processing was a specialized approach to high-performance computing. Today, we have to rethink the computational cores of algorithmic and data structures applications. ...
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Curricular Technology Transfer for the 21st Century: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Armando Fox
June 2014Is the MOOC honeymoon winding down? ...
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The Science of Computer Science: Closing Statement: The Science of Computer Science (Ubiquity Symposium)
by Richard Snodgrass, Peter Denning
June 2014Where does computer science as an intellectual discipline fit in human discourse? Over a dozen contributors have looked at this question of identity from as many viewpoints. ...
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MOOCs on and off the Farm: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by John C. Mitchell
June 2014Whether MOOCs can provide a good education and broaden educational opportunities at lower cost is an ongoing discussion. In this article Stanford professor, John C. ...
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Auto-tuning parallel software: an interview with Thomas Fahringer: the multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Walter Tichy
June 2014In this interview conducted by Ubiquity editor Walter Tichy, Prof. ...
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Waiting for Godot? the right language abstractions for parallel programming should be here soon: the multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Todd Mytkowicz, Wolfram Schulte
June 2014As a discipline, we have been discussing parallel programming for years. After all these years, do we know the right language abstractions for parallel programming? Would we recognize the right ...
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Offering Verified Credentials in Massive Open Online Courses: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Andrew Maas, Chris Heather, Chuong (Tom) Do, Relly Brandman, Daphne Koller, Andrew Ng
May 2014Massive open online courses (MOOCs) enable the delivery of high-quality educational experiences to large groups of students. Coursera, one of the largest MOOC providers, developed a program to provide students ...
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The Multicore Transformation Opening Statement: The multicore transformation (Ubiquity symposium)
by Walter Tichy
May 2014Chips with multiple processors, called multicore chips, have caused a resurgence of interest in parallel computing. Multicores are now available in servers, PCs, laptops, embedded systems, and mobile devices. ...
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Data-driven Learner Modeling to Understand and Improve Online Learning: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Kenneth R. Koedinger, Elizabeth A. McLaughlin, John C. Stamper
May 2014Advanced educational technologies are developing rapidly and online MOOC courses are becoming more prevalent, creating an enthusiasm for the seemingly limitless data-driven possibilities to affect advances in learning and enhance ...
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Assessment in Digital At-scale Learning Environments: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Piotr Mitros, Anant Agarwal, Vik Paruchuri
April 2014Assessment in traditional courses has been limited to either instructor grading, or problems that lend themselves well to relatively simple automation, such as multiple-choice bubble exams. ...
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MOOCs and Technology to Advance Learning and Learning Research Opening Statement: MOOCs and technology to advance learning and learning research (Ubiquity symposium)
by Candace Thille
April 2014MOOCs have fueled both hope and anxiety about the future of higher education. Our objective in this symposium is to surface and explore some of the open questions which have ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: the computing sciences and STEM education
by Paul S. Rosenbloom
March 2014In this latest installment of "The Science in Computer Science," Prof. Paul Rosenbloom continues the discussion on whether or not computer science can be considered a "natural science." ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: unplugging computer science to find the science
by Tim Bell
March 2014The Computer Science Unplugged project provides activities that enable students to engage with concepts from computer science without having to program. ...
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Where's the science in software engineering?: Ubiquity Symposium: The science in computer science
by Walter F. Tichy
March 2014This article is a personal account of the methodological evolution of software engineering research from the 1970s to the present. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: natural computation
by Erol Gelenbe
February 2014In this twelfth piece of the Ubiquity symposium discussing science in computer science, Erol Gelenbe reviews computation in natural systems, focusing mainly on biology and citing examples of the computation ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: what the no free lunch theorems really mean: how to improve search algorithms
by David H. Wolpert
December 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: towards synthesis of computational life-like processes of functional and evolvable proto-systems via extending evolutionary computation
by Darko Roglic
December 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: perspectives and reality of evolutionary computation: closing statement
by Mark Burgin, Eugene Eberbach
December 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: On experimental algorithmics: an interview with Catherine McGeoch and Bernard Moret
by Richard T. Snodgrass
December 2013
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Empirical software research: an interview with Dag Sjøberg, University of Oslo, Norway
by Walter Tichy
December 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: information, biological, and evolutionary computing
by Walter Riofrio
May 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: why you should choose math in high school
by Espen Andersen
May 2013
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: some computational aspects of essential properties of evolution and life
by Hector Zenil, James A. R. Marshall
April 2013While evolution has inspired algorithmic methods of heuristic optimization, little has been done in the way of using concepts of computation to advance our understanding of salient aspects of biological ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: how to talk about science: five essential insights
by Shawn Carlson
March 2013The goal of the LabRats Science Education Program is to inspire secondary school-age students from all backgrounds to love learning about science and technology. Shawn Carlson, the Executive Director of ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: the sixteen character traits of science
by Philip Yaffe
March 2013Phil Yaffe has provided numerous commentaries on various aspects of professional communication, which have helped readers more effectively articulate their own ideas about the future of computing. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: broadening CS enrollments: an interview with Jan Cuny
by Richard Snodgrass
February 2013Until 2000, computer science enrollments were steadily increasing. Then suddenly students started turning to other fields; by 2008, enrollments had dropped by 50 percent. To that end, Jan Cuny has ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: evolutionary computation in physical world
by Lukáš Sekanina
February 2013In this ninth symposium article, Lukáš Sekanina addresses evolutionary and evolvable hardware; answering the questions what it means for a physical system to be designed evolutionarily and on what kinds ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: evolutionary computation and evolutionary game theory: expecting the unexpected
by David B. Fogel
January 2013In this article, David Fogel discusses the relationship between evolutionary computation and evolutionary game theory. The mathematics of evolutionary game theory relies on assumptions that often fail to describe the ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: performance analysis: experimental computer science at its best
by Peter J. Denning
January 2013In the third installment of this symposium, which originally appeared in the Communication the ACM, we go back to 1981. More than 30 years ago, I called on ACM members ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: computer science revisited
by Vinton G. Cerf
December 2012The first article in this symposium, which originally appeared in the Communication the ACM, is courtesy of ACM President Vinton Cerf. Earlier this year, he called on all ACM members to commit to building a stronger science base for computer science. Cerf cites numerous open questions, mostly in software development, that cry out for experimental studies.
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: Darwinian software engineering: the short term, the middle ground, and the long haul
by Moshe Sipper
December 2012In this article, Moshe Sipper discusses a foreseeable future in which an entirely new paradigm of producing software will emerge. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: opening statement
by Peter Denning
December 2012The recent interest in encouraging more middle and high school students to prepare for careers in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) has rekindled the old debate about whether computer ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: evolutionary computation as a direction in nature-inspired computing
by Hongwei Mo
November 2012In this article evolutionary computation (EC) is considered as a kind of nature-inspired computing (NIC) paradigm. EC not only has great effect on the development of computing methods from structure ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: the emperor is naked: evolutionary algorithms for real-world applications
by Zbigniew Michalewicz
November 2012During the past 35 years the evolutionary computation research community has been studying properties of evolutionary algorithms. Many claims have been made---these varied from a promise of developing an automatic ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: on the role of evolutionary models in computing
by Max H. Garzon
November 2012In this article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium on evolutionary computation Max H. Garzon presents reflections on the connections between evolutionary computation, natural computation, and current definitions of computer science. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: life lessons taught by simulated evolution
by Hans-Paul Schwefel
September 2012In this second article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium on evolutionary computation Hans-Paul Schwefel explores the effects of simulating evolutionary mechanisms. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: the essence of evolutionary computation
by Xin Yao
September 2012In this third article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium on evolutionary computation Xin Yao provides a deeper understanding of evolutionary algorithms in the context of classical computational paradigms. ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Evolutionary computation and the processes of life: opening statement
by Mark Burgin, Eugene Eberbach
August 2012Evolution is one of the indispensable processes of life. After biologists found basic laws of evolution, computer scientists began simulating evolutionary processes and using operations discovered in nature for solving ...
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Ubiquity symposium: What have we said about computation?: closing statement
by Peter J. Denning
April 2011The "computation" symposium presents the reflections of thinkers from many sectors of computing on the fundamental question in the background of everything we do as computing professionals. While many of us have too many immediate tasks to allow us time for our own deep reflection, we do appreciate when others have done this for us. Peter Freeman points out, by analogy, that as citizens of democracies we do not spend a lot of time reflecting on the question, "What is a democracy," but from time to time we find it helpful to see what philosophers and political scientists are saying about the context in which we act as citizens.
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Ubiquity symposium: What is information?: beyond the jungle of information theories
by Paolo Rocchi
March 2011Editor's IntroductionThis fourteenth piece is inspired by a question left over from the Ubiquity Symposium entitled What is Computation?Peter J. DenningEditor Computing saw the light as a branch of mathematics ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Biological Computation
by Melanie Mitchell
February 2011In this thirteenth piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Melanie Mitchell discusses the idea that biological computation is a process that occurs in nature, not merely in ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Natural Computation
by Erol Gelenbe
February 2011In this twelfth piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Erol Gelenbe reviews computation in natural systems, focusing mainly on biology and citing examples of the computation that ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Computation, Uncertainty and Risk
by Jeffrey P. Buzen
January 2011In this eleventh piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Jeffrey P. Buzen develops a new computational model for representing computations that arise when deterministic algorithms process workloads ...
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Ubiquity symposium: What is the Right Computational Model for Continuous Scientific Problems?
by Joseph Traub
January 2011In this tenth piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Joseph Traub shares his views about using the Turing Machine model and the real number model for solving ...
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Ubiquity symposium: Computation and Computational Thinking
by Alfred V. Aho
January 2011In this ninth piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Alfred V. Aho shares his views about the importance of computational thinking in answering the question. ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': The enduring legacy of the Turing machine
by Lance Fortnow
December 2010
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Computation and information
by Ruzena Bajcsy
December 2010In this sixth article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium,What is Computation? Ruzena Bajcsy of the University of California-Berkeley explains that computation can be seen as a transformation or function of ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Computing and computation
by Paul S. Rosenbloom
December 2010In this fifth article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium on What is computation? Paul S. Rosenbloom explains why he believes computing is the fourth great scientific domain, on par with ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Computation and Fundamental Physics
by Dave Bacon
December 2010In this seventh article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium, What is Computation?, Dave Bacon of University of Washington explains why he thinks discussing the question is as important as thinking ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Opening statement
by Peter J. Denning
November 2010Most people understand a computation as a process evoked when a computational agent acts on its inputs under the control of an algorithm. The classical Turing machine model has long ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is Computation?': The evolution of computation
by Peter Wegner
November 2010In this second article in the ACM Ubiquity symposium on 'What is computation?' Peter Wegner provides a history of the evolution of comptuation. --Editor ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Computation is symbol manipulation
by John S. Conery
November 2010In the second in the series of articles in the Ubiquity Symposium What is Computation?, Prof. John S. Conery of the University of Oregon explains why he believes computation can ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Computation is process
by Dennis J. Frailey
November 2010Various authors define forms of computation as specialized types of processes. As the scope of computation widens, the range of such specialties increases. Dennis J. Frailey posits that the essence ...
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Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Editor's Introduction
by Peter J. Denning
October 2010The first Ubiquity symposium seeks to discuss the question, "What is computation?" ...