The term CBIR seems to have originated in 1992, when it was describe experiments into automatic retrieval of images from a database, based on the colors and shapes present. Since then, the term has been used to describe the process of retrieving desired images from a large collection on the basis of syntactical image features. The techniques, tools and algorithms that are used originate from fields such as statistics, pattern recognition, signal processing, and VLSI design [1]. ...

I ndi got her BS in Computer Science from Cal Poly and began her master's at Colorado State. She then worked as a software engineer, later managing Web applications that focused on the user. Her concepts in mental models derive from attempting to bridge the developer-user gap. Her expertise ranges from structuring crossfunctional teams, to managing participant recruiting, and conducting user interviews, thereby creating effective tools for exchanging results. ...

Most of the physical and mathematical problems can be formulated in terms of Graph Theory [1]. Generation of a single spanning tree for a simple, symmetric and connected graph G is well known polynomial time solvable problem [1]. Also there are some intractable problems like Graph Coloring, Vertex Connectivity, Isomorphism etc. in graph theory [2,3]. To solve these problems we need some Soft computing approaches like GA, SA, Fuzzy Set, Rough Set etc. [4,6]. ...

Serial communication is the process of sending data sequentially one bit at a time, over a communication channel or computer bus [5,6,7]. RS-232 is a standard for serial binary data transfer between a data terminal equipment (DTE) and a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE), commonly used in computer serial ports. ...